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Vyhodnocení fenologických fází dospělého bukového porostu na Ekosystémové stanici Štítná nad Vláří
Střecha, Jaroslav
At the Štítná nad Vláří Ecosystem station in the White Carpathians, phenology cameras have been taking pictures inside an adult beech forest from a meteorological mast, together with the collection of meteorological data since 1960. Phenology records regularly recurring changes in plants, the so-called phenophases, in relation to the external environment and especially the weather. Therefore, forest ecosystems function as an important bioindicator of climate change. From the phenologial observation in 2018–2020, beech phenophases were evaluated in two ways. Visual evaluation and analysis of the vegetation index from the phenology camera image. Image analyses record the phenological stage earlier than the observer. There was an increase in the average annual temperature, resulting in a longer growing season. The growing season was extended by up to 82 days. This trend of climate change, together with the occurrence of years with a lack of precipitation, will have a negative effect on the vitality of beech and forest ecosystems.
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Dopady pěstování palmy olejné na ekosystémy lesů ve vybraných zemích
Perutka, Jonáš
This bachelor thesis examines current effects of oil palm breeding on forest ecosystems in Southeast Asia, focusing on two representative countries, namely Indonesia and Malaysia. The first part of the thesis describes basic information about oil palm, oil palm breeding and its history. Then defines Southeast Asian macroregion and current state of its forests and biodiversity. Furthermore, describes relationship between the macroregion and oil palm and shows individual effects of the breeding on its local forest ecosystems. The second part analyses individual effects of oil palm breeding in each of the representative countries and names initiatives that are trying to prevent these effects from happening. Further comparison of the results shows which forest ecosystems are affected the most. The last part of the thesis portrays possible proposals and recommendations on how to make oil palm cultivation in the mentioned countries more sustainable and how to protect its forests.
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Forest newspaper - support for environmental education in preschool education
HOSENSEIDLOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor thesis is focused on environmental education in preschool education and its main goal is to present a teaching project on the topic of forest ecosystem. The environmental project is in the form of a monothematic issue of a newspaper called "Forest newspaper", which aims at the issue of the forest ecosystem and contains comprehensive educational activities to support the teaching of environmental education in kindergartens. The theoretical part deals with the concept of environmental education, its characteristics, methodological elements and the possibility of using forest pedagogy. The practical part is based on a semi-structured interview. It is devoted to the evaluation of work with Forest newspaper in practice in kindergarten and in the family environment, with children of preschool age. Based on the obtained positive evaluation of this project, the work on the project will continue and the next issue of Forest newspaper will be published.
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Carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems in canging climate.
Hlaváčková, Lucie ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Urban, Otmar (referee)
The global carbon cycle is in the focus of the scientists' interest, because understanding carbon sinks and their relationships can show the solutions of problems related with increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere in the future. I focused on the role of forests ecosystems in this carbon cycle. All forests cover almost one third of the Earth's land area. By photosynthesis they bind big part of atmospheric carbon to their biomass. Sink strength of forest can differ according to the type of biome, forest stand age and actual climatic conditions. Forest biomes can be generally divided according to the latitude to three groups: tropical forest biomes, temperate forests and boreal forests. The size of carbon stock decreases in this order. Other parameters, such as net primary production and respiration differ in dependence on the particular ecosystem. Tropical rain forests represent great carbon stock, but their deforestation causes massive C emissions back to the atmosphere. Boreal forests aren't considered as important carbon sink, but they influence local climate. Some speculations can also appear about the old forests. It is possible to find authors, who claims, that old forests are no more carbon sinks, so that their carbon balance is neutral. Many surveys prove that they bind less carbon...
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Assembly, successional development and functioning of microbial communities in deadwood
Bernardová, Natálie ; Brabcová, Vendula (advisor) ; Kopecký, Jan (referee)
Dead wood is one of the most important reservoirs associated with forest ecosystems. In natural forests, its volume is counted in hundreds of m3 ha-1 , whereas it reaches only tens of m3 ha-1 in productive commercial forests. In contrast to soil and plant litter, deadwood is unevenly distributed on the forest floor. The specific physicochemical properties such as high content of recalcitrant polymers, low nitrogen level and impermeability negatively affect the rate of decomposition especially in the initial stages of wood deconstruction. The deadwood decomposition is very slow in comparisons with other substrates, it accumulates and thus it represents the important reservoir of nutrients. This thesis is focused on the structure, development and function of microbial (fungal) community in decomposing deadwood in unmanaged forest. Functional screening of fungi isolated from fruit bodies collected from coarse deadwood was set aside. Physico-chemical properties of deadwood including pH, carbon and nitrogen content and microbial biomass were estimated for four wood decomposition stages and three different tree species. New generation sequencing (Illumina MiSeq platform) was applied for fungal community structure analysis based on ITS2 fragment. Fungal functional screening was based on physico-chemical...
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Interakce mezi vybranými fyzikálními a chemickými půdními vlastnostmi v krajinném měřítku: detailní studie lokality Rudice na základě cíleného postižení prostorové heterogenity půdy v krajině
Vichta, Tomáš
In this bachelor thesis are assessed specified interacting physical and chemical soil properties of two main ecosystems (forest ecosystem, permanent grassland ecosystem) and their ecotone. Specifically, the detected soil properties, was determined by active soil reaction, soil reaction potential exchangeable, oxidizable carbon, total nitrogen, maximum capillary water capacity and minimum air capacity. For researches were chosen heterogeneous research area Rudice at TFE Křtiny Ml, the region of the Drahanska highland. In the work was used data obtained from spring 2016 (April), which has been then compared with data from autumn 2016 (October) and subsequently with each other, from physico-chemical point of view. Has been found that between some soil properties there was a change of values in two sampling dates and has been proved some certain correlation relationships between specified soil properties in permanent grassland ecosystem.
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Projekt zalesnění kalamitních holin na území LS LČR Vítkov
Valíček, Jakub
The aim of this diploma thesis is to elaborate a complex project of restoration of clearing due to salvage felling in the forest district Odry and reconstruction of the spruce in the district of Heřmánky. The forest districts are under the administration of the state enterprise Forests of the Czech Republic, specifically under the Forest Administration of Vítkov. The project includes an analysis of causes of declining and dying stands in the selected area, stand condition, condition of clearings and young plantations, site preparation, methods of woody species and methods of recovery, protective and defensive methods of established plantation, direct economic costs.
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The use and processing of TLS data for purposes of forestry and forest ecology
Trochta, Jan
The use of terrestrial laser scanner in forestry seems to be promising technology for new findings about forest ecosystem together with precise information for forest managers and planners. With new technology comes also new methodology of data acquisition, data processing and presentation of results. In this thesis are proposed methodological aspects of scanning setup if forest with analysis of two main obstacles - terrain and tree stems together with estimation of synergic effect of additional scan and optimal distance of such scan. In the following section software for processing of TLS data from forest environment - 3D Forest - is introduced and briefly described. In the last part original and early attempt of the below ground tree biomass reconstruction and volume estimation using TLS data is presented as a part of coppice forest study.
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Radiocesium v rostlinách brusnice borůvky
Šoukalová, Červinkov
As a result of nuclear weapons tests and accidents of nuclear power plant which has occurred during the recent history, a radiocaesium (137Cs) was released to the environment. Considering the half-life, radiocaesium has been still presented and detected in the components of the Czech environment, especially in forest ecosystem. Radiocaesium content and transfer was studied in the individual biotic component of forest ecosystem using the bilberry plants (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) which excel in effective radiocaesium accumulation ability. During the last three years, the collection more than 350 samples was conducted. The samples of vegetative and generative parts of bilberries and soil samples were collected from mountain area of interest which were severely contaminated with radiocaesium. Average surface activity of radiocaesium was 4007 Bq.m-2 for Jeseníky, 2807 Bq.m-2 for Orlické hory and 1783 Bq.m-2 for Krkonoše. Depending on the soil properties of the sample locality, the aggregated transfer factor (TF-AG) was established. The aggregated transfer factor for radiocaesium reached values ranging from 4,42E-03 to 3,25E-01 m2.kg-1. The values of aggregated transfer factor demonstrated slight but statistically highly significant negative correlations with content of clay particles. The weak but statistically significant positive correlation between aggregated transfer factor and content of humus was determined. The slight but statistically significant negative correlation between aggregated transfer factor and active soil reaction was also identified. The correlation between TF-AG and altitude was not proven. However, based on the multivariate analysis the Generalized Linear Model (GLM procedure), only content of clay particles and active pH had highly significant effect on the aggregated transfer factor. Effect of other tested factors was not established. Radiocaesium translocation analyses demonstrated the significant seasonal variation of 137Cs in bilberry plant. Radiocaesium percentage representation was identified in the individual parts of bilberry plant as follows. Stems of bilberry demonstrated the lowest content of radiocaesium, then fruits, subsequently leaves and the root kept the highest content of radiocesium. Consumption of herbal bilberry tea and bilberry fresh fruit does not endanger the health of the Czech population and the contribution to total radiation dose is negligible.
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